MS –DOS & Commamd

MS –DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System

Disk Operating System (DOS): It was developed as early as 1980 by Bill Gates at the age of 19. It is suited for personal computers. Dos is a single user and single task operating system it is use to operate the computer this operating system

consist of command line interfacing. Every operating system has three basic primary functions one is operate and control hardware second is file management and third run a program.

There are two types of commands:

Internal Command
External Command

How to Start DOS:-

v Start→Run→Type “Command Prompt” or “CMD” →Enter

v Statrt→ All Program→ Accessories→ Command Prompt→ Enter

The DOS Prompt consist the default drive letter and character “>” Ex. C:\> is the DOS Prompt that denotes C as the default drive.

Internal Command: Internal Command moves to RAM/Computer memory from disk at booting time.

Internal Command are the simplest, most commonly used commands and executes immediately because they are part of a file, named “COMMAND.COM”

Followings are some Internal Commands:-

CD.., CD\, Ver(Version), Vol(Volume), Date, Time, CLS, Exit, COPY CON, File Save, Type, Del, REN, Edit, MD, RD, CD, DIR etc.

CD.. : This command is use to come out to the root directory step by step.

Syntax: CD..

Example: C:\> Documents and Setting\SK>CD..

C:\> Documents and Setting>CD..

C:\>

CD\ : This command is use to come out to the root directory at once.

Syntax: CD\

Example: C:\> Documents and Setting\SK>CD\

C:\>

VER: This command is use to display version of operating system.

Syntax: VER

Example: C:\>VER←

Windows XP [Version 5.1.2600]

Vol: This command is use to Displays the disk volume label and serial number.

Syntax: Vol

Example: C:\>Vol←

Volume in drive C is JAI
Volume Serial Number is 3E42-1907

DATE: This command is use to display and set system date.

Syntax: DATE

Example: C:\>Date←

The Current Date is : Sun 15/12/2015

Enter the New Date <mm-dd-yy>

TIME: This command is use to display and set system time.

Syntax: TIME

Example: C:\>Time←

The Current time is : 11:15:20:16

Enter the New time : 12:50:15:05

CLS: This command is use to clear the screen.

Syntax: CLS

Example: C:\>CLS←

EXIT: This command is use to come out side from the DOS screen.

Syntax: EXIT

Example: C:\>EXIT←

COPY CON: This command is use to create a new text file.

Syntax: Copy Con

Example: C:\>Copy Con <File Name>←

C:\>Copy Con SK←

File Save : This command is use to File Save.

Syntax: F₆or Ctrl+Z

Example: C:\>Copy Con SK←

A clock in a office can never get stolen
Too many employees watch it all the time Z←

Type: This command is use to display the contents or text of any file to the display device.

Syntax: Type

Example: C:\>Type←

A clock in a office can never get stolen
Too many employees watch it all the time

REN(Rename): This command is use to rename the file.

Syntax: REN

Example: C:\>REN <Old File Name><New File Name>←

C:\>REN SK RAJ←

DEL: This command is use to delete a particulars file or group of file.

Syntax: DEL

Example: C:\>DEL <File Name>←

C:\>DEL SK←

DELTREE : This command is use to delete directory and all the sub- directories and file in it.

Syntax: DELTREE

Example: C:\>DELTREE <Directory Name>←

C:\>DELTREE Temp←

TREE: This command is use to show all director and its sun- directory in tree form.

Syntax: TREE

Example: C:\>TREE ←

EDIT : It is Used for opening the file in a editor. Editing & Modifications can be done in the editor.

Syntax: EDIT

Example: C:\>EDIT <File Name>←

C:\>EDIT SK←

MD: This command is use to make a directory. We need to give the name.

Syntax: MD

Example: C:\>MD <Directory Name>←

C:\>MD India←

CD: This Command is use to go inside the directory.

Syntax: CD

Example: C:\>CD <Directory Name>←

C:\>CD India←

RD: Means Remove Directory. It is used to remove the directory, before that directory must be empty.

Syntax: RD <Directory Name>←

Example: C:\>RD <Directory Name>←

C:\>RD India←

DIR : This Command is use to display all directories on the screen.

Syntax: DIR

Example: C:\>DIR←

C:\>DIR/P - Page wise

C:\>DIR/W - Page Width Wise

C:\>DIR/A - Show all files & Directories

C:\>DIR/S - Show the Directories, sub directories & File

C:\>DIR/OS/P - Size Wise

C:\>DIR/ON/P - Alphabetically (A-Z)

External commands: External commands are known as Disk residence commands. Because they can be store with DOS directory or any disk which is used for getting these commands. Theses commands help to perform some specific task. These are stored in a secondary storage device. Some important external commands are given below-

SYS: This command is used for copy system files to any disk. The disk having system files are known as Bootable Disk, which are used for booting the computer.

Syntax: SYS

Example: C:\>SYS < Drive Name>←

C:\>SYS A: ←

CHKDSK : This command is used to check the status of a disk and show the report of result status.

Syntax : CHKDSK

Example: C:\>CHKDSK←

DISKCOPY: DISKCOPY copies the contents of a floppy disk to another.

Syntax:- DISKCOPY

Example: C:\> DISKCOPY <Drive1> <Drive2>
C:\> DISKCOPY A: B:

This command will be copy all contents of A drive to B drive.

Format : This command is used to Disk Format

Syntax : Format

Example: C:\>Format <Drive Name>

C:\>Format A:

Number System:- Number system place an important role in design, organization and understanding of computer, Computer programming based on number system.

There are four types of number system.